Page 15 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

van ban hich, c^o, chieu, bieu, sur ki ciia thai trung dai hoac ki, tap van ciia thai hien dai,...
deu CO the coi la van ban van hoc. Theo nghia hep, van ban van hoc chi bao gom cac sang
tac CO hinh tugng nghe thuat dirge xay dimg bang hu ciu (tuc la tao ra nhiing hinh tugng
bang tuong tugng) nhu su thi, truyen thuyet, truyen c6 tich, truyen ngin, tieu thuy^t, kich,
tha, phii..."'.
Theo do, van ban van hoc c6 nhOng dac dikm rieng sau day:
- Dgc diem ve ngon tit: Ngon tu van hoc c6 tinh nghe thuat vh. tham mi; diing de s^g
tao hinh tugng, tuc la noi tai mot the gioi tuong tugng; c6 tinh bieu tugng va da nghia.
- Dac diem ve hinh tuong: Hinh tugng van hoe la the gidi ddi song do ngon tu ggi
len trong tam tri nguai dgc, la mot phuong tien giao tiep dac biet vi no vua bieu hien mot
hien tugng doi song, vua ham chua cac y nghia khai qu^t do t^c gia gui gam m^ nguai
dgc can phai "dgc" ra.
- Dac diem ve y nghia: Y nghia cua van ban chinh la y nghia ciia hien tugng ddi
song dugc nha van nam bat v^ ggi len qua hinh tugng. Tat ca nhung gi hinh tugng van
hoc ggi len cho ngudi dgc deu 1^ y nghia cua no. Y nghia ciia van ban van hoc con the
hien qua nhan vat, su kien, chi tiet, qua su sap xep, ket cau cua c^c bg phan van ban v^
qua each sii dung ngon tii. Y nghia ciia van ban van hoc dugc chia thanh eSc lap: de iHi,
chu de, cam hung, tinh ch§t tham mi, trilt li nhan sinh.
- Dac diem ve cd tinh sang tao cua nha van: Van ban van hoc n^o cung do tac gia
viet ra vk it nhieu deu de lai dSu §n cua ngudi sang tao. Dac ilm do kn cho cdc van ban
I
d
van hoc phong phii, mdi me, khong lap lai.^
b) Yeu cau ciia doc hieu van ban van hoc
GS.TS. Tran Dinh Su cho rang: "Khdi diem ciia mon Ngu van Yk day hoc sinh dgc
hieu true tiep van ban van hgc cua nha van, nha tha, nhk chinh luan; tu dgc hieu ede van
ban ay mk hgc sinh se dugc rung dgng ve nghe thuat, thudng thuc gi^ tri tham ml, tiep
nhan tu tudng, tinh cam, trudng th^nh ve nhan cdch, hinh th^nh c^c ki nang van hgc nhu
dgc, viet, quan s^t, tu duy, tudng tugng sdng tao vk ca sdng t^e ngon tu nua"^. Vi the,
trong dgc hieu van ban van hgc, yeu to "van ban" c6 vai tro rat quan trgng. "Van ban Ik
ton tai duy nhat cua tac pham ciia nha van, la yeu to mang chd toan bg ngi dung, y nghia,
tinh cam, ml cam ma nha van gui gam; ngudi dgc chi c6 the tu minh dgc de kham pha vk
thudng thuc, khong c6 con dudng nao khac. Khong ai c6 the thudng thiic thay ngudi
dgc""*; hoac "neu hgc sinh khong true tiep dgc cac van ban ay, khong hieu dugc van ban,
thi coi nhu mgi yeu cau, muc tieu cao dep ciia mon Van deu chi la noi suong."^

' SGKNgif van 10 Nang cao. Tap mot, NXB Gido dye Viet Nam, 2012, tr. 45.
^ Luge trich theo SGK Ngir van 10 Nang cao, Tap mot, NXB Giao due Viet Nam, 2012, tr. 45 - 48,
58-60.
^'' Tran Dinh Su, Van ban van hoc va doc hieu van ban, Sdd, tr. 10 - 22.
" Tran Dinh Su, Con ducmg doi mai ca ban phicomg phdp day hoc Van, Bao Van nghe, s6 10, 2009.

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