Page 16 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

De on tap cho ki thi trung hoc pho thong quoc gia, hoc sinh can nam vung kien thuc
vk ki nang doc hieu cac van ban van hoc cua chuong trinh va sach gi^o khoa lop 12. Tuy
nhien, can mo rong pham vi on tap doi voi cac van ban van hoc dirge hgc d nhiing khoi
lap dudd va nhung van ban mdi, c6 cung de tai va the loai voi cac van ban da hgc theo
chucmg trinh v^ sach giao khoa lop 12.

Sau day la mot so luu y khi dgc hieu cac van ban van hgc thuong gap: '
* Ve doc hieu van ban van hoc trung dai Viet Nam:
- Dgc hieu van ban van hgc trung dai Viet Nam truoc het phai chu y den ngon ngil
cua van ban. Ngon ngir ciia van ban van hgc trung dai dugc vi6t bang chu Hdn v^ chu
b
Nom. Voi van ban chu Han, khi dgc, can ^ sat vao ban phien am (de nam dugc dac
diem the loai, bo cue, van, nhip, bien phap tu tir...) va dich nghia (de hieu nghia ciia tir
ngu, hinh anh, chi tiet...), phSn dich tho chi nen dgc de tham khao. Van ban Han, Nom
lai thuong dung nhieu dien tich, dien c6, tir c6. Khi dgc, can phai hieu v^ khai th^c dugc
y nghia ciia clc dien tich, dien c6 v^ sac th^i bieu cam ciia cac tir ngii.
- Dgc hieu van ban van hgc trung dai Viet Nam phai th§y dugc cdc iic gia it de cap
den cdc hien tugng doi song ma chu yeu thien ve bieu hien tdm, chi ciia ngucri viet. Vi
vay, hinh tugng nghe thuat trong van ban thuong mang tinh tugng trung, uoc le. Do do,
can thay dugc y nghia tugng trung, uoc le ciia hinh tugng nghe thuat cung nhu tdm, chi
ciia nhk van, nhk tho gui gim trong tdc phSm.
- Dgc hieu van ban van hgc trung dai Viet Nam phai chii y den tmh quy pham chat
che cua van ban: thien v6 xay dung nhiing kien tnic ngon tu vung chai, doi xung, h^i ho^
nhu tho luat, van bien ngau; su dung dien c6, dien tich, lod it y nhieu... Do do, can khai
thac dugc nhung phuong dien nay de thay dugc ve dep ciia cac tac pham.

* Ve doc hieu tieu thuyet vd truyen ngdn Viet Nam hien dai:
- Dgc hieu ti§u thuyet wk truyen ngSn Viet Nam hien dai chu yeu 1^ dgc hieu nhan vat.
Nhan vat Ih. yeu to quan trong h^g dau cua c^c the loai n^y. Nh^ van s^ng tao nhan vat de
giii gam tu tuong, tinh cam va quan niem ciia minh ve cugc doi. Vi the, khi dgc hieu tieu
thuyet va truyen ngan, dau tien, can phai chii y den nhan vat voi nhung bieu hien ngoai
hinh, ngi tam, hanh dgng, cii chi, ngon ngu... ; cac moi quan he cua cac nhan vat v^ giua
h
nhan vat voi o^ canh xung quanh d^ th§y dugc dia vi, tinh each v^ so phan ciia nhan vat.
- Dgc hieu tieu thuyet va truyen ng§n Viet Nam hien dai phai tim v& phan tich cot
truyen v^ chi tiet. Cot truyen la he thdng sir kien^i^n c6 xay ra trong doi song cua nhan
vat, giiip bgc 16 U'nh cdch, s6 phan nhan vat. Chi tiet la nhiing bieu hien cu the cho thay
a'nh c^ch nhan vat va dien bien quan he cua chiing, dong thoi the hien sir quan sat va nghe
thuat ke chuyen ciia nh^ van. Do do, c§n chii y phSn tich, cat nghia, binh luan chi tiet de
thay dugc sue hap dan, thii vi cua chiing.
- Dgc hieu tieu thuyet va truyen ngan Viet Nam hien dai phai thay dugc su mieu ta dac
diem, hoan canh ciia nhan vat. Hoan canh la toan bg cac quan he xa hoi, dieu kien song

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