Page 14 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

c) Van dung nhiing tri thirc, kinang c6 lien quan hodc can den doc hieu de thyrc Men
cdc nhiem vu hoc tap va cdc hoat dong dai song
- Doc cac van ban mai dira tren nhiing kinh nghiem da tich luy dirge tu vice doc hiiu
cac van ban dugc day hoc trong nha trirong.
- Noi, vi§t ve mot v§n &k van hoc hoac dai song dira tren nhiing ket qua doc hieu
van ban.
- Trinh bay giai phap de giai quygt mot vin d^ cu th§ (la mot nhiem vu trong hoc tap,
trong doi song) tir sir van dung ngi dung cua van ban da doc.

3. Van ban doc hieu
Chuong trinh Ngu van ciia Viet Nam neu hai loai van ban de day hoc doc hieu, do 1^:
van ban van hoc v^ van ban nhqt dung. Trong do, cic van ban van hoc dugc xep theo
cum the loai va tien trinh lich su, chiera da so cac van ban dugc day hoc; cac van ban nhat
dung chiem ti le rat nho va khong da dang ve hinh thuc nhu van ban van hoc.
Theo PISA, doi tugng ciia doc hieu khong chi la kieu van ban "truyen thong" m^ con
la nhung van ban ma "ngon ngu" cua no dugc su dung a dang do hoa, in ki thuat so, bao
gom ca van ban thong tin va van ban van hoc, la nhung hien thi hinh anh nhu so do, ban do,
bang bieu, do thi va truyen tranh... voi nhung chii thich bang ngon ngu. Nhung van ban
nay c6 the ton tai hoac la doc lap hoac c6 the dugc nam trong cac van ban Ion hon.
Nhu vay, xu the quoe te hien nay cho thay su ma rong ve van ban dgc hieu noi chung,
van ban doc hieu trong nha truong pho thong noi rieng. Co bao nhieu loai van ban trong
cuoc song thi c6 bay nhieu loai dugc day dgc hieu trong nha truong pho thong. Viec day
hoc doe hieu a nha truong pho thong phai dam bao giiip hoc sinh hinh thanh va phat trien
nang lire dgc, van dung dugc vao thuc te dm song cua ban than. Tren thuc te, tu nam hgc
2013 - 2014, Bg Giio due v^ Dho tao da thuc hien d6i mai kiem tra, ^h gi^ nang lire ciia
d
hgc sinh trong mon Ngu van, trong do c6 doi mod kiem tra, danh gid dgc hieu van ban, dua
van ban thong tin vko dh thi mon Ngir van a ki thi t6t nghiep trung hgc pho thong cua nam
hgc nay va se tiep tuc doi mod sau hon d nhirng nam hgc tiep theo. Viec lam nay c6 tac
dong r4t u'ch cue den qua trinh day hgc va kiSm tra, danh gia ket qua dgc hieu van ban d
nha truong trung hgc pho thong.

II. H U O N G D A N H O C S I N H O N L U Y E N D O C H I E U
1. Cach doc hieu cac loai van ban
1.1. Van ban van hoc

a) Dgc diem cua van ban van hoc
Co nhieu quan niem ve van ban van hoc (con ggi 1^ van ban nghe thuat, van ban van
chuong). Song, c6 thk hiku mot each chung nhSt, van ban van hgc la "san pham ciia tien
Uinh lich su... Theo nghia rgng, van ban van hgc la tat ca cae van ban sir dung ngon tu
mot each nghe thuat. Theo nghia nay, khong ehi van ban tha, truyen, kich, ma ca cae

m