Page 17 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

tao thanh "moi trucmg" song ciia nhan vat. Phan tich, h' giai hoan canh s6ng ciia nhan vat
giiip nguoi doc hieu dugc dia vi, tam tinh cua nhan vat.
- Doc hieu tieu thuyet va truyen ngan Viet Nam hien dai can chu y cat nghia, If giai
ket cau ciia tac pham. Do la each nha van to chuc tac pham. Thong thuong, phan ma dau
va ket thuc ciia truyen thuong c6 sir phoi hgp vai nhau de tao ra y nghia ciia tac pham; sir
lira chon va sap xep cac chi tiet theo mot trinh tu nao do c6 tac dung lam noi bat y nghia
ciia tac pham; sir sap xep thii tu cac chuomg, phan, doan c6 hieu qua tao sir to mo, gay
hung thii cho nguod doc. Do do, can khai thac each to chiic t^c pham de thay dugc dung y
nghe thuat cua nha van.
- Doe hieu tieu thuyet v^ truyen ngSn Viet Nam hien dai khong thS khong ehii y lai
ke chuyen. Lai ke chuyen trong tieu thuyet, truyen ngSn cho thay diem nhin, c^ tinh,
giong dieu ciia nguai ke chuyen. Can phan tich lai ke chuyen de thSy quan diSm nghe
thuat, khuynh huang tham mi va phong each doe dao cua nha van.

* Ve doc hieu kick ban van hoc:
- Doc kich ban van hoe chu yeu la doc lod thoai cua e^c nhan vat. Do la nhirng lai
noi huang den nguai nghe, nguai xem, mang tinh h^nh dong. Can cSt nghia, If giai, binh
luan... cac lai thoai de nhan ra tam tu, tinh cam, sac thai, dpng ca ben trong va bieu hien
ben ngoai ciia cac nhan vat, nhk la nhan vat ehfnh. Tu do, nhan ra tfnh cdch ciia tung
nhan vat.
- Doe kich ban van hoe phai nhan ra v^ phan tfeh dugc cac hanh dong kich va xung dot
kich. Hanh dong kich the hien tfnh each va y chi ciia nhan vat chinh, gay xung dot vai hoan
canh xung quanh. Xung dot kich la xung dot ve tu tuang, nhan each dugc nay sinh, phat trien
va giai quyet trong pham vi kich ban. Can nam bat dugc xu the phat trien ciia xung dot, phat
hien xung dot chu yeu dang dan nhan vat den cho ket thiic dau buon hoac vui ve.

* Ve doc hieu tha Viet Nam hien dai:
- Doc hieu tha noi chung, tha Viet Nam hien dai noi rieng, d§u tien c§n nkm dugc
hinh thiic to chiic cua bai tha (su sap xep ede dong/cau tha; sir hiep van, ph6i xen tieng
bang tieng trae, tieng bong tieng tram; each ngat nhip...).
- Doc hieu tha Viet Nam hien dai chii yiu la cam nhan dugc tam trang ciia nhan
vat trii tinh. Nhan vat trir tinh (con ggi la chu the trir tinh, cai toi trir tinh) la nguai true
tiep cam nhan va bay to cam xiic truac mot sir kien, doi tugng nao do dugc noi den
trong bai tha.
- Doe hieu tha Viet Nam hien dai c§n chii y dSn lai tha. Lai tha thuong dimg cac
bien phap tu tu nhu an du, so sanh, nhan hoa,... de bieu hien true tiep sir rung dong trong
tam hon cua nhan vat trii tinh; tu nhung cam xiic, tam su rieng tu, lai tha eo y nghTa khai
quat ve con nguai, xa hoi, mang tfnh tham mi va gia tri nhan van sau sic. Tuy nhien, do
ngon tir tha thuong mang tfnh ham siie, y nghTa cua van ban tha thuong khong dugc
thong bao true tiep qua lai tha nen nguai doe phai biet cam nhan, suy doan, phan tfch de
tim dugc y a ngoai lai.

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