Page 20 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

(cong trinh nghien cim, chuyen lugn, ludn an,...), van ban khoa hoc giao khoa {sdch gido
khoa, gido trinh,...) va van ban khoa hoc pho cap {pho Men kien thuc khoa hoc pho
thong,...). Dac trimg ciia phong each ngon ngu khoa hoc: tinh khai quat, trim tirgng; tinh
li tri, logic; tinh khach quan, phi ca the.
- Phong each ngon ngii hanh chinh: la kieu dien dat dugc sii dung trong cac van ban
thuoc linh vuc giao dep dieu hanh va quan If xa hoi. Van ban hanh chinh chii yeu ton tai
dudd dang viet, bao gom: van ban quy pham phap luat {hien phdp, cdc van ban luat, cdc
van ban duai luat,...); van ban hoi nghi (bien ban, bdo cdo, de dn, nghi quy it,...); van ban
thii tuc hanh chfnh {cong van, don tit, hap dong, van bang, hod don,...). Dac trung cua
phong each ngon ngu hanh chinh: tinh khuon mau; tinh minh xac; tinh cong vu.
b) Yeu cdu cua doc hieu van ban nhdt dung vd vdn bdn thong tin
De on tap cho ki thi trung'hoc pho thong quoc gia, hoc sinh ckn huy dong nhung
hieu biet ciia minh ve cac van de c6 tinh thai sir, quan trong, biic thiet doi vdi cuoc
song hang ngay ciia con nguai v^ xa hoi hien dai nhu: thien nhien, moi trudng, dan
so, doi moi tu duy, ung dung cong nghe thong tin...; nam vung cac phong each ngon
ngir sinh boat, bao chi, chinh luan, khoa hoc, hanh chinh de doc hieu nhiing van ban
nhat dung, van ban thong tin c6 npi dung va hinh thuc phu hop vdi trinh do ciia hoc
sinh Idp 12.
Khi doc hieu cac van ban nhat dung va van ban thong tin, ngudi doc can phai quan -
tam den viee nam duac vin de/thong tin chinh v^ y nghla xa hoi, giao due, thdi su, tu
tudng... cua hai loai van ban nay. Tir do, ung dung nhung dieu da doc dugc v^o hoc tap
V2i cuoc song. Vdi hai loai van ban nay, nhSt la van ban nhat dimg, thudng han chi dat ra
van de tim hieu hinh thuc nghe thuat trong quA trinh doe.
Co the tham khao quan niem ciia PISA trong viee d§ ra cac nhiem vu/noi dung doc
hieu bdi c^c nhiem vu/noi dung doc hieu m^ PISA dua ra rat phii hop vdi loai van ban
t
h
n^y. PISA 2012 cho rang khi doc hieu, ngudi doc phai o ^ h ^ nam nhiem vu doc,
cung 1^ nam budc trong qud trinh doc hieu nhu sau:
- Lay thong tin tir van ban.
- Tao nen su hieu biet chung vg van ban.
- Giai thieh v6 van ban.
- Phan anh va danh gia ve npi dung cua van ban.
- Phan anh va danh gia ve hinh thuc ciia van ban. ,x ^
Nam nhiem vu tren dugc to chuc thanh ba khia canh chinh: truy cap vd lay thong tin;
tich hap vd gidi thich; phdn dnh vd ddnh gid. PISA 2012 con dua ra so do the hien moi
quan he giua khung doc va cac khia canh cua doc' nhu sau:

PISA 2012 Assessment and Analytical Framework Mathematics, Reading. Science, Problem
solving and Financial literacy (nguon: http://www.oecd.org).

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