Page 18 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

- Doc hieu tho Viet Nam hien dai can biet van dung ngu canh (hoan canh s^ng tac)
de hieu bai tho. Ngu canh lich su, xa hoi, y d6 va tam thi ciia nha tho khi sdng tac la mot
can cu de giai thich y tho.
1.2. Van ban nhat dung va van ban thong tin '
a) Dgc diem ciia van ban nhgt dung va van ban thong tin
* Van ban nhat dung
Trong chuong trinh Ngu van hien hanh cua Viet Nam, van ban nhat dung "khong
phai la mot the loai van hoc hay mot kieu van ban. So di goi van ban nhat dung la xuat
phat tu noi dung de tai... va vi the nhung van ban nay c6 the thuoc bat ki the loai nao
cua van hoc hoae khong phai van ban van hoc"'. Cac van ban nay c6 npi dung de cap
den nhung van de c6 tinh thai su, quan trong, buc thiet doi vai cupc song hang ngay
cua con nguai va xa hoi hien dai nhu: thien nhien, moi truang, dan so, doi moi tu duy,
ling dung cong nghe thong tin... Cac van ban nhat dung, do do, rat da dang ve de tai va
the loai. Mot so van ban con c6 nhieu net dac sac ve nghe thuat (bo cue, ngon tu, hinh
anh, cac phep tu tir,...) vi dugc viet theo cac the loai cua van hoc. Muc dich cua viec
doc hieu cac van ban nay la de nang cao y thuc trdch nhiem cua moi ca nhan d6i vai cdc
van de ciia dai song xa hoi.
* Van ban thong tin
Trong chuang trinh giao due pho thong, mon Ngon ngu vk Van hoc ciia nhieu nuac
tren the gidi hien nay xuat hien khai niem "van ban thong tin". Khai niem n^y cung da
dugc nhieu nh^ khoa hoc giao due Ngu van trong nude quan tam va de cap den trong mot
so cong trinh nghien ciiu. Van ban thong tin khac vdi van ban van hoc, chii yeu dugc viet
de truyen dat thong tin hoae kien thiic. "Ve ca ban, chiing ta doc loai van ban nay de
chuyen hoa cac thong tin hoae kien thiic trong van ban thanh tri thuc ciia minh vdi muc
dich su dung luon trong hgc tap vk ddi song hoae l^m tu heu cho mai sau", "ngudi doc se
CO hai tu tudng khi doc van ban thong tin, mot 1^ de trai nghiem; hai de dinh vi v^ ghi
nhd thong tin. Do do, vdi hau het c^c van ban thong tin, su chii y cua ngudi doc se tap
trung chu yeu vao nhirng dieu hp se thu dugc tu viec doc - tuc la thong tin chiia dung
trong van ban."'
Co the thay, van ban thong tin bao gid cung trinh bay thong tin mot each khdeh quan,
cung cap thong tin ve doi tugng mot each chi tiet, giiip ngudi doc, ngudi nghe hieu nhilng
gi dugc mo ta bang each to chuc hoae phan loai thong tin. Trong van ban, tdc gia su dung
nhung each thuc hoae phuang tien/tinh nang de ho trg ngudi dgc trong viec tim kiem
thong tin mot each nhanh chong va c6 hieu qua. Do c6 the la mot bang ngi dung, mot chi so,
chu in dam hoae in nghieng, chu giai cho von tu vung chuyen nganh, dinh nghia tu vung

' B6 Giao due Dac tac, S G V Ngit van 6, Tap mot, N X B Giao due, 2005, tr. 16.
" Michael R. Graves, Teaching Reading in the 21" century: Motivating AULearmii. (5* Edition),

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