Page 11 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

noi hkm rat rong: "1) Cam thu (ti^p nhan) ki hieu vat ch§t (m^u sSc, con chu,...)-
2) Nhan ra ki hieu quen hay la, hieu y nghia cua no dugc lap lai trong ngon ngir.
3) Hieu y nghia ciia no trong ngir canh. 4) D6i thoai v6i y nghia do (tan th^nh, phan
doi), trong nhan thirc bao gom ca sir danh gid ve chieu sau va chieu rong. Ban chit
c
tam li cua sir hieu la bien cai cua ngudi khac thanh ^ vira cua minh, vira ciia nguoi khac.
Hieu bao gid ciing la tir hieu, nghia la bien cii dugc hieu th^nh kien thiic, quan dikm,
niem tin cua minh."'
PGS.TS. Nguyen Thi Hanh, dira tren co so ngon ngir hoc, khang dinh doc hi6u
"la mot boat dpng giao tiep d do nguoi doc linh hoi loi noi da dugc viet thanh van ban
nham lam thay doi nhirng hieu biet, tinh cam hoac hanh vi ciia chinh minh, doc hilu Ik
boat dpng doc cho minh (nguoi doc)."'

Nhu vay, trong moi quan niem tren day, dii dung 6 goc dp nho cQng thSy "dpc" dugc
coi mot qu^ trinh long hgp, doi hoi sir dung nhi^u ki nang; "hi6u" la muc di'ch cua
"dpc"; de dpc hieu, nguoi dpc phai ti'ch cue, chu dpng kham pha van ban.
Trong nhirng nam qua, o nha tnrong pho thong cua Viet Nam, dpc hieu tro Xhhnh
npi dung chinh, quan trpng vao bac nhat trong Chuang trinh gido due pho thong mon
Ngu vdn^ (gpi tat la chuang trinh Ngu van). S6 lugng bai dpc hieu chi6m ti le Ion hon
cdc bai hpc ve Tieng Viet va Lam van, nhat la 6 nhirng lop/cSp hpc cao hon. Day hpc
va kiem tra, danh gid ve dpc hieu cung chiem nhieu thoi gian hon trong phan ph6i
chuang trinh Ngir van.
2. Chuan doc hieu

Chuong trinh cua moi quoc gia deu neu len nhiing chuan kien thuc, ki nang/ket qua
dau ra ma hpc sinh phai dat dugc khi dpc hi^u van ban. Chang han, Chuang trinh Tieng Anh
nam 2010"* cua Singapore neu 5 ket qua d§u ra (LO) - dugc coi Ik nhiing chu§n chung,
khdi qudt nhu sau:
- LOJ: Sir dung cdc kindng nhan biet de nhan dien tir ngir.

- L02: Doc hieu cdc van ban c6 noi dung phii hap v&i trinh do, lira tuoi.
- L03: Ap dung viec doc vd quan sdt co tinh phe phdn bang cdch tap trung vdo
nhirng nghia ham an, nhiing cdu triic tuduy, susuy nghivd ddnh gid cao hem.
- L04: Van dung cdc cdch doc vd quan sdt phii hap, co tinh phe phdn doi v&i mot
loat cdc tuyen chon van ban van hoc hoac van ban thong tin khdc nhau, tir van ban in den

' Tran Dinh Sur, Van ban van hoc va doc hieu van ban, Sdd.
- Nguyen Thi Hanh, Day hoc doc hiiu a Tiiu hoc, NXB Dai hoc Qu6c gia H^ Noi, 2002, tr. 26.
^ NXB Giao due, 2006.
" Curriculum Planning and Development Division, Ministry of Education, Singapore (2010),
English language syllabus 2010, Primary & Secondary {Express/ Normal [Academic]) (nguon:
http://www.moe.gov.sg).

10