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khong khi thieng lieng cua then diem mot minh nguoi chien sT yeu nuac Nguyen Ai Quoc
ngoi trong phong bong sang bung len nhan thiic ve con duong giai phong dan tpc bay lau
nay dang khat khao tim kiem.
Nhu vay, trong mot doan tho, mot bai tho, yia to trong diem c6 the the hien thanh
nhieu dang thuc, qua nhieu cip do. De phat hien ra no, nguoi phan tich phai c6 su cam
nhan chinh xac, tinh te. Muon vay, truoc tien can phai doc ki, quan sat ki van ban tac
pham, dac biet chii y den nhung dau hieu bat binh thuong noi van ban. Nhung cho "c6
van de" ve mat hinh thiic thuong chinh la noi the hien ro nhat y do cua nha tho, la can cii
de chung ta tim den cai nghia li thu vi rieng ciia bai tho. Day cung la mot kinh nghiem khi
doc tho va phan U'ch, binh giang tho. ; ,; ; , -

2.2. Nghi luan ve tac pham van xudi tusu
a) Can torn tat diing cot truyen de c6 ca so hieu dung noi dung phan dnh, chu de cua
tac pham
Tu su la phuong thuc tdi hien doi song qua cac su kien, bien c6 va hanh vi con nguoi
trong toan bo tinh khach quan ciia no. d day, tu tuong v^ tinh cam cua nha van tham nhap
sau sac vao su kien va hanh dong ciia con nguoi, nha van ke lai, ta lai nhung gi xay ra ben
ngoai minh, khien cho nguoi doc c6 cam giac rSng hien thuc dugc phan anh trong tac
pham la mot the gioi tao hinh xac dinh dang tu ton tai, phat trien, khong phu thuoc vao
tinh cam, y muon ciia nguoi viet.
De hieu duoc noi dung phan anh, de phan tich duoc cic gid tri ve mat tu tuong Ian
nghe thuat ciia mot tac pham tu su, can tom tat chinh xac cot truyen ciia no. Co the xem
torn tat cot truyen la yeu cau c6 tinh chat tao nen, la co so de tu do tim hieu cac van de
khac ciia tac pham. Cach tom tSt c6t truyen the hien muc dp tham nhap tac pham, nang
lire bao quat va kha nang dien dat c6 due, gay gon cua nguoi tom tat.
Hi€u mot cdeh ngin gon, c6t truyen 1^ he thdng sir kien cu th8 dugc to chire theo yeu
d\i tu tuong va nghe thuat nhSt dinh ciia nha van. Nhd c6t truyen, nh^ van the hien su
hinh th^nh, dac diem ciia m6i U'nh edeh ciing nhu su tac dong qua lai giira c^c tinh each.
Cung nho cot truyen, nha van tai hien cac xung dot xa hoi, chiing to nang lire, each thiic
chiem linh thuc tai khach quan ciia minh.
Tu each hieu nhu tren, muon tom tat dugc cot truyen mot tac pham tu sir, truac tien
can doc ki tac pham va xac dinh dugc nhung van de sau:
- Hoan canh xa hoi, thai ki lieh su ma tac pham phan anh, tdi hien.

- Chu de ciia tac pham.
Cach to chiic cot truyen cua nha van bao gio cung gan voi sir the hien c6 hieu qua
chii de, tu tuong ciia tac phim. Vi th8, hieu chu de, y do tu tuong cua nha van, chung ta
mod dinh huong diing dong phat trien ciia cot truyen ciing nhu noi dung cu the, true tiep
ciia tac pham.
- Nhan vat chinh cua tac pham va cac buac phat trien ciia tinh edeh, ciia so phan nhan
vat 4y. Cac chi tik, su kien quan trong trong tac pham tac dong tai cupc dod nhan vat.