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khong khi thieng lieng cua  then diem mot minh nguoi  chien  sT yeu nuac  Nguyen  Ai  Quoc
      ngoi trong phong bong  sang bung  len nhan thiic ve con duong  giai phong  dan  tpc bay  lau
      nay dang khat khao tim kiem.
         Nhu  vay,  trong  mot  doan  tho,  mot  bai  tho,  yia  to  trong  diem  c6  the  the  hien  thanh
      nhieu dang thuc,  qua  nhieu  cip  do.  De  phat  hien  ra no, nguoi  phan  tich  phai  c6  su  cam
      nhan chinh  xac,  tinh  te.  Muon  vay,  truoc  tien  can  phai  doc  ki,  quan  sat  ki  van  ban  tac
      pham, dac  biet  chii  y den  nhung  dau  hieu  bat  binh  thuong  noi  van  ban.  Nhung  cho  "c6
      van de" ve mat hinh thiic thuong  chinh  la noi the hien ro nhat y do cua  nha tho, la can  cii
      de chung ta tim den cai nghia li thu  vi rieng  ciia bai tho. Day cung  la mot kinh nghiem khi
      doc tho va phan U'ch, binh giang tho.  ;  ,;  ;  ,  -

      2.2.  Nghi  luan  ve  tac pham  van  xudi  tusu
         a)  Can  torn tat  diing  cot  truyen  de  c6 ca so  hieu  dung  noi  dung phan  dnh,  chu  de  cua
      tac pham
         Tu su la phuong thuc  tdi hien doi  song qua cac su kien, bien c6  va hanh  vi con  nguoi
      trong toan bo tinh khach quan  ciia no. d  day, tu tuong  v^ tinh cam cua nha van tham nhap
      sau sac vao su kien  va hanh dong ciia con nguoi, nha van ke lai, ta lai nhung  gi xay ra ben
      ngoai minh,  khien  cho  nguoi  doc  c6  cam  giac  rSng  hien  thuc  dugc  phan  anh  trong  tac
      pham la  mot  the  gioi  tao  hinh  xac  dinh  dang  tu  ton  tai,  phat  trien,  khong  phu  thuoc  vao
      tinh cam, y muon ciia nguoi  viet.
         De  hieu  duoc  noi  dung  phan  anh,  de phan  tich  duoc cic  gid  tri  ve  mat  tu  tuong  Ian
      nghe thuat  ciia mot  tac pham tu  su, can  tom  tat  chinh  xac  cot  truyen  ciia no. Co the  xem
      torn tat  cot  truyen  la  yeu  cau  c6  tinh  chat  tao nen,  la co  so  de tu  do  tim  hieu  cac  van  de
      khac ciia  tac  pham.  Cach  tom  tSt  c6t  truyen  the  hien  muc  dp  tham  nhap  tac  pham,  nang
      lire bao quat  va kha nang  dien dat c6 due, gay gon cua nguoi tom tat.
         Hi€u mot  cdeh ngin  gon,  c6t truyen  1^ he thdng  sir kien  cu th8 dugc to chire theo  yeu
      d\i  tu  tuong  va  nghe  thuat  nhSt  dinh  ciia  nha  van.  Nhd  c6t  truyen,  nh^  van  the  hien  su
      hinh th^nh,  dac  diem  ciia m6i  U'nh edeh  ciing nhu  su tac dong  qua  lai  giira  c^c  tinh  each.
      Cung nho cot truyen,  nha  van  tai hien  cac  xung  dot  xa hoi, chiing  to nang  lire, each  thiic
      chiem linh thuc tai khach quan  ciia minh.
          Tu  each hieu  nhu  tren,  muon  tom tat dugc  cot truyen  mot  tac pham tu  sir, truac  tien
      can doc ki tac pham va xac dinh dugc nhung  van de  sau:
          -  Hoan canh xa hoi, thai ki lieh su ma tac pham phan  anh, tdi hien.

          -  Chu de ciia tac pham.
          Cach  to  chiic  cot  truyen  cua  nha  van  bao  gio  cung  gan  voi  sir  the  hien  c6  hieu  qua
      chii de, tu tuong  ciia tac phim.  Vi th8, hieu  chu  de,  y do tu tuong  cua  nha  van,  chung  ta
      mod  dinh  huong  diing  dong phat  trien  ciia  cot  truyen  ciing nhu  noi  dung  cu the, true  tiep
      ciia tac pham.
          -  Nhan  vat chinh  cua tac pham  va cac buac phat trien ciia tinh  edeh, ciia so phan  nhan
      vat 4y. Cac chi tik,  su kien quan trong trong tac pham tac dong tai cupc  dod nhan vat.
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