Page 73 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

+ Nghi luan ve mot quan niem, y kien ve van hoa, giao due, dan toe, ton giao,
tin nguang...
Vidu:
(1) Suy nghT ciia anh/chi ve y kien cila Hen-ri-6t: "Van hod Id cdi gi cdn Iqi khi
nguai ta quen hit cd, Id cdi gi van thieu khi nguai ta dd hoc tat cd ".
(2) Anh/chi c6 dong tinh voi y kien sau: "Gido due mot nguai Id ddo luyen cho ho cd
the doi ddu v&i moi hodn cdnh " ?
De lam dang de nay, hoc sinh can c6 nhung hieu bi^t phong phii v^ cac linh virc xa hoi
dong thai manh dan trinh bay nhiing suy nghi, trai nghiem ciia ban than. Cung nhu bai nghi
luan ve quan diem dao due, loi song, nguod viet can tiln hanh cac buac giai thich, phan
tich, ban bac ve van de. Luu y a dang bai nay, nen dua vao cac cau hoi d& lap dan y nhu
sau: Van de ma y kien neu ra thuoc linh vuc nao? Y nghia sau sac, moi me ciia quan niem,
y kien nay la gi? Van de nghi luan c6 vai tro nhu the nao trong viec nang cao nhan thiic va
hanh dong?
+ Nghi luan ve phuang phap tu tuang
Vi du:
(1) E-di-xon cho rang: "Nhiem vu quan trong nhdt cua nen van minh Id day cho con
nguod biet tu duy". Anh/chi suy nghi gi ve y kien tren?
(2) "Mot con nguai Idm sao cd the nhan thuc duac chinh minh? Do khong phdi Id
viec cua tu duy md Id ciia thuc tien. Hay ra sire thuc Men bon phan cua minh, luc do ban
lap tuc hieu duac gid tri ciia minh" (Gat). Anh/chi hay vik mot bai van trinh bay suy
nghi cua minh ve y kien tren.

(3) Bai hoc anh/chj riit ra tu y kien ciia Le-nin: "Bdng cdch phan tich sai lam ciia
ngdy horn qua, chung ta hoc duac cdch trdnh sai lam cua ngdy hom nay vd ngdy mai".
Dang de b^n ve phuang ph^p tu tuang ngoai viec buy dong, van dung v6n ki^n thuc
xa hoi con nham ren luyen tu duy logic cho hoc sinh. Hoc sinh ckn giai thich vSn de mot
each can ke, than dao (giai thich cac tu ngu, cac khai niem, riit ra y khai quat...) d6 dinh
huong cho viec xay dimg he thong luan diem, luan cir. Phan lien he, ma rong nen chii y
tai U'nh thuc tien ciia vSn d^, ciing nhu bai hoc cu thS ma nguai viet c6 dugc sau khi nhan
thuc win dL % . : ,
c) Cau true bai lam

Bai nghi luan ve mot tu tuang, dao If thuong dugc b6 cue lam ba ph§n:
- Ma bai: Giai thieu tu tuang, dao \i can ban luan; trich dan y ki8n hoac quan dikm
(neu de dua y kien, nhan dinh).

- Than bai:
+ Giai thich, neu noi dung van de can binh luan. Trong truang hop can thilt, nguai
viet can chii y giai thich cac khai niem, cat nghia noi dung cac v^ a y kiSn, nhan dinh va
riit ra y khai quat cua van de. Can neu van de nghi luan mot each ngin gpn, ro rang.

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