Page 156 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

thuoc chirorng V ciia truong ca - chuong tha thI Men nhiing cam nhan, khSm ph5 moi me
ve dat nuac va y thuc trach nhiem trudfc van menh dan toc ciia th^ he thanh nien hoc sinh,
sinh vien a cac thanh thi mien Nam luc bay gia.
2. Wik Dat Nuac, Nguyen Khoa Bikm hoa than vao nhan vat trir tinh "anh" de noi
vai "em" - th€ he thanh nien hoc sinh, sinh vien cac th^nh thi mien Nam. Day la tac
pham tha mang ti'nh chat tru tinh - chfnh luan. Qua trinh "anh" tam tinh, chuyen tro ciing
"em" dong thai ciing la qua trinh phan tich, luan ban ve dat nude. Vai tinh chat nay, doan
tha CO trinh tu cam xiic, suy nghi kha mach lac. Nguyen Khoa Diem nhu Ian lugt giai dap
cac cau hoi Ian: Dat nuac c6 tu bao gia? Dat nuac a dau? Ai lam nen dat nuoc? Trong
qua trinh tam tinh, luan giai nay, nha tho da van dung nhuan nhuyen chat lieu van hoa dan
gian (truyen thuyet, c6 tich, ca dao, tuc ngii, phong tuc tap quan...). Chat lieu ciing giong
dieu tho nhu the da tao nen khong khi gan gui, than tinh ma thiet tha, sau lang.
3. Niia dau doan tri^ch tra lai hai cau hoi: Dat nuac c6 tu bao gid? Dat nude d dau?
Khi moi chiing ta dugc sinh ra, Idn len, da thay dat nude bao boc quanh minh. Dat nude
CO tu ngan xua. Dat nude Idn lao nhung khong he xa xoi, truu tugng. Nguyen Khoa Diem
da cam nhan dat nude tu nhung su vat, hinh anh gan gui, tCr nhiing sinh boat hang ng^y
cua moi con ngudi Viet Nam ta. Dat nude c6 trong nhung cau chuyen c6 tich me thudng
ke cho ta thai au tha, trong mieng trau bay gid ba an, trong luy tre lang than thiet. Dat
c
nude gan vdi tuc biii toc sau dau, vdi cau ca dao gung cay mudi man, vdi cdi keo ^ cot,
vdi hat gao mot nang hai suang. "Dat la nai anh den tru&iig/Nuac la nai em tam"... Bao
dieu binh thudng ay lai chang tam thudng mot chiit nao. Tu nhung sir vat, hinh anh rat
doi binh di, than quen, Nguyen Khoa Diem lai ggi dugc chieu dki lich su, be day van hoa,
siic song tinh than muon thud ciia cong dong dan toc.
Tra Idi cau hoi dat nude d dau, nha tha da trinh bay qud trinh kham phS, cam nhan
ngky e^ng sau ve dat nude. Ban dau, dat nude la nhiing gi binh di d xung quanh "anh" va
"em". Ve sau, d4t nude cd d trong "anh" v^ "em" hom nay, ed trong moi ngudi dang
song. Day chinh la ca sd de di den nhac nhd trdeh nhiem mot c^ch tu nhien, tham thia.
4. Nua sau doan trich tap trung tra Idi cau hoi: Ai lam nen dat nude? Chinh d day ta
bat gap tu tudng - cam hung cot loi, bao tritm ca chuang tha: "Dat Nuac cua Nhan dan ".
Tu tudng - cam hung nay dugc trien khai tren ba binh dien:
- Be rong khong gian dia If: Danh lam thang canh, su tich niii song tren moi mien dat
nude deu do cuoc ddi nhan dan hoa than ma nen.
- Chieu dai thai gian lich sii: Su6t bon nghin nam nay, bao the he nhan dan 1^ luc
lugng hang dau, bang mo hoi, mau xuang ciia minh da lao dong dung xay va chien dau
bao ve dat nude.
- Ban sac van hoa: Nhan dan da lam nen nhCmg phong tuc tap quan, dao li, loi song
tot dep de dat nude ben virng muon ddi.
Khi ca nggi nhan dan nhu the, Nguyen Khoa Diem da cung c6 d ngudi doc niem
tin vao su virng b8n ciia d§t nude. DSt nude la ciia nhan dSn, m^ nhan dan thi vi dai va

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