Page 134 - Hướng Dẫn Thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Văn

Hoac ve hinh anh la ca To quoc trong tha To HQn, Hoai Thanh so sanh, phan tich:
"Ddu nam 1955 trong bai tha mimg Bdc vd Chinhphu tra ve thu do, bdi Xua... nay,
anh timg ca ngai ngon ca cua ta:
Tren bdi Thai Binh Duang song gid
Phai ph&i bay ca do sao vdng.
Muai chin nam sau, trong bdi Nu&c nan ngdn dam, mot Idn nua, anh Igi ca ngai
ngon CO cua ta:
Ngdi sao, chdn li cua dai
Viet Nam, vdng cua Idng nguoi hom nay
Cdng nhin ta, Iqi cdng say
Bien Dong long long gid lay ngon ca.
Van CO nhitng chit, nhung y giong nhu Idn truac, nhung lai tha Idn nay c6 cdi uyen
chuyen, cdi chdt say, cdi sue bay vd sue khdng dinh han xa Idn truac."^

Nhu vay, trong phan U'ch, ban luan v8 tac pham van hoc, c6 the van dung nhieu dang
thiic so sanh de ma rpng, dao sau vSn de, 6k soi sang them gia tri cua doi tugng. Nen c6
gang van dung ket hop nhieu dang thuc so sanh khac nhau de bai lam them phong phii,
sinh dong. Song dii van dung dang thiic n^o cung can tranh sir so sanh khap khieng, may
moc, can tranh thai dp cue doan (theo loi xep hang nhat, nhi, khang dinh han, thua mot
each dut khoat). Khong it nguai trong luc nghi luan, viet bai, de ca nggi doi tugng minh
dang phan tich, tham binh, cii ca nggi no la "hay nh§t", la "dep han tat ca" so voi mpi
truang hgp khac. Nen khSc phue sir "hon nhien ngay tha" nhu the bSng cai nhin uyen
chuyen, bang sir can nhac khoa hoc.

4. Kien thuc co- ban cua cac van ban van hoc

HAI DL/A TRE
Thach Lam

1. Thach Lam la nha van ciia nhung trang thai cam xiie, cam giac nhe nhang, mong
manh, la cay biit c6 biet tai khi dien ta sir hoa dieu, cgng huang cua hon nguoi voi nhung
bien chuyen cua moi truong xung quanh. Hai dua tre tieu bieu cho dac diem noi bat ay
ciia tam hon, phong each nghe thuat Thach Lam.
Hai dua tre l4y boi canh mot pho huyen nho, nod hang dem c6 mot chuyen tau tir
thii do Ha Noi di qua va dugc bo cue theo trinh tir thai gian. Viet truyen ngan nay,
Thach Lam da dat minh vao nhan vat Lien - nguoi chi - de cam nhan ve nhirng doi
thay cua euge song pho huyen tir liic cuoi chieu den dan ve dem.

' Hodi Thanh tuyin tap, tap 1, NXB Van hoc, 1982, tr. 161 - 162.

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